a cross direction

trans-verto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn or direct across or athwart (post-class.).

Lit.:

ut quae defensio fuerat, eadem in accusationem transverteretur,

should be turned, converted, App. Mag. p. 325, 33: eorum consilia hac atque illac variā cogitatione, to turn over, Firm. Math. 6, 15.—

Transf., to turn away, avert:

inimica,

Arn. 7, 219:

fortes meos,

Tert. Praescr. 37. — Hence, transversus ( - vorsus) or trāver-sus, a, um, P. a., turned across; hence, going or lying across, athwart, crosswise; cross-, transverse, traverse (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

viae,

cross-streets, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

tramites,

Liv. 2, 39, 3:

limites,

id. 22, 12, 2:

fossa,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

fossas viis praeducit,

id. B. C. 1, 27:

vallum,

id. ib. 3, 63:

tigna,

id. ib. 2, 9:

transversosque volare per imbres fulmina cernis,

Lucr. 2, 213; cf.:

nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,

id. 6, 190:

Manilium nos vidimus transverso ambulantem foro,

across the forum, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133: taleae ne plus quattuor digitos transversos emineant, four fingers across, four finger-breadths, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126; cf.

prov.: si hercle tu ex isto loco Digitum transversum aut unguem latum excesseris,

a fingerbreadth, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18; so,

digitus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58 (v. digitus);

for which, also: discedere a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem,

id. Att. 13, 20, 4:

(versibus) incomptis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum,

Hor. A. P. 447:

ut transversus mons sulcetur,

Col. 2, 4, 10: plurimum refert, concava sint (specula), an elata;

transversa, an obliqua,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, a cross direction or position, only with prepp. adv., crosswise, transversely, etc.:

non prorsus, verum ex transverso cedit, quasi cancer solet,

obliquely, sideways, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45:

e transverso vacefit locus,

Lucr. 6, 1018:

paeninsula ad formam gladii in transversum porrecta,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83:

in transversum positae (arbores),

id. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

aratione per transversum iteratā,

id. 18, 20, 49, § 180; so id. 37, 9, 37, § 118 (al. saepe traversa):

collectus pluvialis aquae transversum secans,

intersecting diagonally, Front. Limit. p. 43 Goes.; cf. poet. in plur.:

(venti) mutati transversa fremunt,

at right angles to their former direction, Verg. A. 5, 19; so id. E. 3, 8; Val. Fl. 2, 154; Stat. Th. 1, 348.—

Trop.:

transversa incurrit misera fortuna rei publicae,

crossed, thwarted, Cic. Brut. 97, 331: cum coepit transversos agere felicitas, i. e. to lead aside or astray, Sen. Ep. 8, 3:

transversum judicem ferre,

Quint. 10, 1, 110; Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67; 28, 1, 1, § 1. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, n., only with prepp. adv.:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

i. e. contrary to expectation, unexpectedly, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

ecce tibi iste de transverso, Heus, inquit, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14;

for which: quod non exspectes, ex transverso fit,

Petr. 55:

haec calamitas ex transverso accidit,

Scrib. Comp. 231.—Hence, advv.

transversē ( - vorsē), crosswise, transversely, obliquely:

transverse describantur horae in columellā,

Vitr. 9, 9, 7; Cels. 5, 26, 24; Veg. 2, 5, 1.—

transversim, transversely, crosswise:

obliquatis manibus,

Tert. Bapt. 8.

trans-verto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn or direct across or athwart (post-class.).

Lit.:

ut quae defensio fuerat, eadem in accusationem transverteretur,

should be turned, converted, App. Mag. p. 325, 33: eorum consilia hac atque illac variā cogitatione, to turn over, Firm. Math. 6, 15.—

Transf., to turn away, avert:

inimica,

Arn. 7, 219:

fortes meos,

Tert. Praescr. 37. — Hence, transversus ( - vorsus) or trāver-sus, a, um, P. a., turned across; hence, going or lying across, athwart, crosswise; cross-, transverse, traverse (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

viae,

cross-streets, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

tramites,

Liv. 2, 39, 3:

limites,

id. 22, 12, 2:

fossa,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

fossas viis praeducit,

id. B. C. 1, 27:

vallum,

id. ib. 3, 63:

tigna,

id. ib. 2, 9:

transversosque volare per imbres fulmina cernis,

Lucr. 2, 213; cf.:

nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,

id. 6, 190:

Manilium nos vidimus transverso ambulantem foro,

across the forum, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133: taleae ne plus quattuor digitos transversos emineant, four fingers across, four finger-breadths, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126; cf.

prov.: si hercle tu ex isto loco Digitum transversum aut unguem latum excesseris,

a fingerbreadth, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18; so,

digitus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58 (v. digitus);

for which, also: discedere a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem,

id. Att. 13, 20, 4:

(versibus) incomptis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum,

Hor. A. P. 447:

ut transversus mons sulcetur,

Col. 2, 4, 10: plurimum refert, concava sint (specula), an elata;

transversa, an obliqua,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, a cross direction or position, only with prepp. adv., crosswise, transversely, etc.:

non prorsus, verum ex transverso cedit, quasi cancer solet,

obliquely, sideways, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45:

e transverso vacefit locus,

Lucr. 6, 1018:

paeninsula ad formam gladii in transversum porrecta,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83:

in transversum positae (arbores),

id. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

aratione per transversum iteratā,

id. 18, 20, 49, § 180; so id. 37, 9, 37, § 118 (al. saepe traversa):

collectus pluvialis aquae transversum secans,

intersecting diagonally, Front. Limit. p. 43 Goes.; cf. poet. in plur.:

(venti) mutati transversa fremunt,

at right angles to their former direction, Verg. A. 5, 19; so id. E. 3, 8; Val. Fl. 2, 154; Stat. Th. 1, 348.—

Trop.:

transversa incurrit misera fortuna rei publicae,

crossed, thwarted, Cic. Brut. 97, 331: cum coepit transversos agere felicitas, i. e. to lead aside or astray, Sen. Ep. 8, 3:

transversum judicem ferre,

Quint. 10, 1, 110; Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67; 28, 1, 1, § 1. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, n., only with prepp. adv.:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

i. e. contrary to expectation, unexpectedly, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

ecce tibi iste de transverso, Heus, inquit, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14;

for which: quod non exspectes, ex transverso fit,

Petr. 55:

haec calamitas ex transverso accidit,

Scrib. Comp. 231.—Hence, advv.

transversē ( - vorsē), crosswise, transversely, obliquely:

transverse describantur horae in columellā,

Vitr. 9, 9, 7; Cels. 5, 26, 24; Veg. 2, 5, 1.—

transversim, transversely, crosswise:

obliquatis manibus,

Tert. Bapt. 8.

trans-verto, ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn or direct across or athwart (post-class.).

Lit.:

ut quae defensio fuerat, eadem in accusationem transverteretur,

should be turned, converted, App. Mag. p. 325, 33: eorum consilia hac atque illac variā cogitatione, to turn over, Firm. Math. 6, 15.—

Transf., to turn away, avert:

inimica,

Arn. 7, 219:

fortes meos,

Tert. Praescr. 37. — Hence, transversus ( - vorsus) or trāver-sus, a, um, P. a., turned across; hence, going or lying across, athwart, crosswise; cross-, transverse, traverse (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

viae,

cross-streets, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 119:

tramites,

Liv. 2, 39, 3:

limites,

id. 22, 12, 2:

fossa,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

fossas viis praeducit,

id. B. C. 1, 27:

vallum,

id. ib. 3, 63:

tigna,

id. ib. 2, 9:

transversosque volare per imbres fulmina cernis,

Lucr. 2, 213; cf.:

nubila portabunt venti transversa per auras,

id. 6, 190:

Manilium nos vidimus transverso ambulantem foro,

across the forum, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 133: taleae ne plus quattuor digitos transversos emineant, four fingers across, four finger-breadths, Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126; cf.

prov.: si hercle tu ex isto loco Digitum transversum aut unguem latum excesseris,

a fingerbreadth, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 18; so,

digitus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 58 (v. digitus);

for which, also: discedere a rectā conscientiā traversum unguem,

id. Att. 13, 20, 4:

(versibus) incomptis allinet atrum Transverso calamo signum,

Hor. A. P. 447:

ut transversus mons sulcetur,

Col. 2, 4, 10: plurimum refert, concava sint (specula), an elata;

transversa, an obliqua,

Plin. 33, 9, 45, § 129. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, a cross direction or position, only with prepp. adv., crosswise, transversely, etc.:

non prorsus, verum ex transverso cedit, quasi cancer solet,

obliquely, sideways, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 45:

e transverso vacefit locus,

Lucr. 6, 1018:

paeninsula ad formam gladii in transversum porrecta,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83:

in transversum positae (arbores),

id. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

aratione per transversum iteratā,

id. 18, 20, 49, § 180; so id. 37, 9, 37, § 118 (al. saepe traversa):

collectus pluvialis aquae transversum secans,

intersecting diagonally, Front. Limit. p. 43 Goes.; cf. poet. in plur.:

(venti) mutati transversa fremunt,

at right angles to their former direction, Verg. A. 5, 19; so id. E. 3, 8; Val. Fl. 2, 154; Stat. Th. 1, 348.—

Trop.:

transversa incurrit misera fortuna rei publicae,

crossed, thwarted, Cic. Brut. 97, 331: cum coepit transversos agere felicitas, i. e. to lead aside or astray, Sen. Ep. 8, 3:

transversum judicem ferre,

Quint. 10, 1, 110; Plin. 9, 17, 31, § 67; 28, 1, 1, § 1. —

Neutr. as subst.: transversum, i, n., only with prepp. adv.:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

i. e. contrary to expectation, unexpectedly, Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

ecce tibi iste de transverso, Heus, inquit, etc.,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14;

for which: quod non exspectes, ex transverso fit,

Petr. 55:

haec calamitas ex transverso accidit,

Scrib. Comp. 231.—Hence, advv.

transversē ( - vorsē), crosswise, transversely, obliquely:

transverse describantur horae in columellā,

Vitr. 9, 9, 7; Cels. 5, 26, 24; Veg. 2, 5, 1.—

transversim, transversely, crosswise:

obliquatis manibus,

Tert. Bapt. 8.

contrārĭus, a, um, adj. [contra], lying or being over against, opposite.

In gen.

Prop., of places (syn. adversus):

collis adversus huic et contrarius,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

contraria tigna iis (tignis),

id. ib. 4, 17, 5; and:

gemma soli,

Plin. 37, 9, 47, § 131:

contrario amne,

against the stream, id. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

tellus,

Ov. M. 1, 65; cf. id. ib. 13, 429:

ripa,

Dig. 41, 1, 65:

auris,

Plin. 24, 10, 47, § 77:

contraria vulnera ( = adversa vulnera),

in front, on the breast, Tac. H. 3, 84:

in contrarias partes fluere,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78; cf.:

tignis in contrariam partem revinctis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.

. si pelles utriusque (hyaenae et pantherae) contrariae suspendantur,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

contrario ictu uterque transfixus,

by a blow from the opposite direction, Liv. 2, 6, 9.— With inter se, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 49.—With atque, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., of other objects.

In gen., opposite, contrary, opposed (syn. diversus); constr. with the gen., dat., inter se, atque, or absol.

With gen.:

hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34; id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67 Madv. N. cr.; Quint. 5, 10, 49 al.—

With dat.:

voluptas honestati,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

fortuna rationi et constantiae,

id. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. Top. 11, 46 sq.:

vitium illi virtuti,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

rusticitas urbanitati,

id. 6, 3, 17:

pes bacchio,

id. 9, 4, 102:

color albo,

Ov. M. 2, 541:

aestus vento,

id. ib. 8, 471 et saep. —

With inter se:

orationes inter se contrariae Aeschinis Demosthenisque,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14; so id. de Or. 2, 55, 223; Quint. prooem. § 2; 1, 10, 6; 10, 1, 22.—

With atque:

versantur retro contrario motu atque caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—

Absol.:

aut bono casu aut contrario,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis conflatum,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

ardor,

Lucr. 3, 252:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 7:

jus,

id. 5, 11, 32:

leges,

conflicting, id. 3, 6, 43; Dig. 1, 3, 28: actiones, cross-suits, Gai Inst. 4, 174 al.:

latitudo quā contrariae quinqueremes commearent,

going in opposite directions, Suet. Ner. 31:

disputandum est de omni re in contrarias partis,

on both sides, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 158:

ex contrariā parte dicere,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

in contrariam partem adferre aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 53, 215 al. —

Esp., subst.: contrārĭum, ii, n., the opposite, contrary, reverse.

In gen.:

contrarium decernebat ac paulo ante decreverat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

si ea rex vult, quae Thebanis sint utilia... sin autem contraria, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 4, 2:

dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 24; cf.: diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae, in opposite directions, Verg A. 12, 487:

ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,

Ov. M. 3, 329:

in contraria versus,

transformed, id. ib. 12, 179.—With gen.:

contraria earum (artium)... vitia quae sunt virtutum contraria,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 49.—With dat.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat,

Vell. 2, 75, 2: qui contraria Deo faciat, Lact. de Ira, 3, 3.—With quam:

qui contraria faciat quam Deus,

Lact. 3, 29, 13; Aug. Civ. Dei, 8, 24; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 267.—

As rhet. fig., the antithesis, contrast, opposite, Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42; Auct. Her. 4, 19, 27; Jul. Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 11.—

Adverb. phrases:

ex contrario,

on the conirary, on the other hand, Caes. B. G. 7, 30; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 47; id. Inv. 2, 8, 25; Quint. 6, 1, 16:

e contrario,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 4; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Att. 9, 3; id. Eum. 1, 5 (al. contrario without e); Quint. 1, 5, 43;

rarely ex contrariis,

Quint. 8, 5, 9; 8, 5, 18; 10, 1, 19;

11, 3, 39 al.—In the same sense, but more rarely, in contrarium,

Plin. 18, 24, 54, § 197:

per contrarium,

Dig. 2, 4, 8, § 1; 2, 15, 8; 28, 1, 20 al.—

In partic.

Of weight: aes contrarium, weighed against, = antirropon, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 12 Müll.; cf. Scalig. ad Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30.—

Of hostile opposition, inimical, hostile, hurtful, pernicious, etc. (more rare than adversarius, and mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

contrariis dis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.:

Averna avibus cunctis,

dangerous, destructive, Lucr. 6, 741; cf.:

usus lactis capitis doloribus,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 130:

hyssopum stomacho,

id. 25, 11, 87, § 136:

quam (sc. perspicuitatem) quidam etiam contrariam interim putaverunt,

injurious, disadvantageous, Quint. 4, 2, 64 Spald.; cf.:

philosophia imperaturo,

Suet. Ner. 52:

exta,

unfavorable, id. Oth. 8:

saepe quos ipse alueris, Tibi inveniri maxime contrarios,

hostile, Phaedr. 4, 11, 17:

litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas Imprecor,

Verg. A. 4, 628; cf. id. ib. 7, 293.— Subst.: contrārĭus, ii, m., an opponent, antagonist; plur., Vitr. 3, praef. 2.— Adv.: con-trārĭē, in an opposite direction, in a different manner:

sidera procedentia,

Cic. Univ 9 med.:

scriptum,

id. Part. Or. 31, 108:

relata verba,

id. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

dicere,

Tac. Or. 34.

contrārĭus, a, um, adj. [contra], lying or being over against, opposite.

In gen.

Prop., of places (syn. adversus):

collis adversus huic et contrarius,

Caes. B. G. 2, 18; cf.:

contraria tigna iis (tignis),

id. ib. 4, 17, 5; and:

gemma soli,

Plin. 37, 9, 47, § 131:

contrario amne,

against the stream, id. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

tellus,

Ov. M. 1, 65; cf. id. ib. 13, 429:

ripa,

Dig. 41, 1, 65:

auris,

Plin. 24, 10, 47, § 77:

contraria vulnera ( = adversa vulnera),

in front, on the breast, Tac. H. 3, 84:

in contrarias partes fluere,

Cic. Div. 1, 35, 78; cf.:

tignis in contrariam partem revinctis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17; cf.

. si pelles utriusque (hyaenae et pantherae) contrariae suspendantur,

Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 93:

contrario ictu uterque transfixus,

by a blow from the opposite direction, Liv. 2, 6, 9.— With inter se, Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 49.—With atque, Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—Far more freq. and class. in prose and poetry,

Transf., of other objects.

In gen., opposite, contrary, opposed (syn. diversus); constr. with the gen., dat., inter se, atque, or absol.

With gen.:

hujus virtutis contraria est vitiositas,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 15, 34; id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; id. Fin. 4, 24, 67 Madv. N. cr.; Quint. 5, 10, 49 al.—

With dat.:

voluptas honestati,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

fortuna rationi et constantiae,

id. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. Top. 11, 46 sq.:

vitium illi virtuti,

Quint. 11, 3, 44:

rusticitas urbanitati,

id. 6, 3, 17:

pes bacchio,

id. 9, 4, 102:

color albo,

Ov. M. 2, 541:

aestus vento,

id. ib. 8, 471 et saep. —

With inter se:

orationes inter se contrariae Aeschinis Demosthenisque,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 5, 14; so id. de Or. 2, 55, 223; Quint. prooem. § 2; 1, 10, 6; 10, 1, 22.—

With atque:

versantur retro contrario motu atque caelum,

Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—

Absol.:

aut bono casu aut contrario,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 36:

monstrum ex contrariis diversisque inter se pugnantibus naturae studiis conflatum,

id. Cael. 5, 12:

ardor,

Lucr. 3, 252:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 11, 7:

jus,

id. 5, 11, 32:

leges,

conflicting, id. 3, 6, 43; Dig. 1, 3, 28: actiones, cross-suits, Gai Inst. 4, 174 al.:

latitudo quā contrariae quinqueremes commearent,

going in opposite directions, Suet. Ner. 31:

disputandum est de omni re in contrarias partis,

on both sides, Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 158:

ex contrariā parte dicere,

id. Inv. 1, 18, 26:

in contrariam partem adferre aliquid,

id. de Or. 2, 53, 215 al. —

Esp., subst.: contrārĭum, ii, n., the opposite, contrary, reverse.

In gen.:

contrarium decernebat ac paulo ante decreverat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 120:

si ea rex vult, quae Thebanis sint utilia... sin autem contraria, etc.,

Nep. Epam. 4, 2:

dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 24; cf.: diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae, in opposite directions, Verg A. 12, 487:

ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet,

Ov. M. 3, 329:

in contraria versus,

transformed, id. ib. 12, 179.—With gen.:

contraria earum (artium)... vitia quae sunt virtutum contraria,

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 49.—With dat.:

quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque exspectatis aut speret aut timeat,

Vell. 2, 75, 2: qui contraria Deo faciat, Lact. de Ira, 3, 3.—With quam:

qui contraria faciat quam Deus,

Lact. 3, 29, 13; Aug. Civ. Dei, 8, 24; Claud. in Eutr. 2, 267.—

As rhet. fig., the antithesis, contrast, opposite, Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 42; Auct. Her. 4, 19, 27; Jul. Ruf. Schem. Lex. § 11.—

Adverb. phrases:

ex contrario,

on the conirary, on the other hand, Caes. B. G. 7, 30; Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 47; id. Inv. 2, 8, 25; Quint. 6, 1, 16:

e contrario,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 4; id. Ham. 1, 2; id. Att. 9, 3; id. Eum. 1, 5 (al. contrario without e); Quint. 1, 5, 43;

rarely ex contrariis,

Quint. 8, 5, 9; 8, 5, 18; 10, 1, 19;

11, 3, 39 al.—In the same sense, but more rarely, in contrarium,

Plin. 18, 24, 54, § 197:

per contrarium,

Dig. 2, 4, 8, § 1; 2, 15, 8; 28, 1, 20 al.—

In partic.

Of weight: aes contrarium, weighed against, = antirropon, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64, 12 Müll.; cf. Scalig. ad Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30.—

Of hostile opposition, inimical, hostile, hurtful, pernicious, etc. (more rare than adversarius, and mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

contrariis dis,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 70 Müll.:

Averna avibus cunctis,

dangerous, destructive, Lucr. 6, 741; cf.:

usus lactis capitis doloribus,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 130:

hyssopum stomacho,

id. 25, 11, 87, § 136:

quam (sc. perspicuitatem) quidam etiam contrariam interim putaverunt,

injurious, disadvantageous, Quint. 4, 2, 64 Spald.; cf.:

philosophia imperaturo,

Suet. Ner. 52:

exta,

unfavorable, id. Oth. 8:

saepe quos ipse alueris, Tibi inveniri maxime contrarios,

hostile, Phaedr. 4, 11, 17:

litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas Imprecor,

Verg. A. 4, 628; cf. id. ib. 7, 293.— Subst.: contrārĭus, ii, m., an opponent, antagonist; plur., Vitr. 3, praef. 2.— Adv.: con-trārĭē, in an opposite direction, in a different manner:

sidera procedentia,

Cic. Univ 9 med.:

scriptum,

id. Part. Or. 31, 108:

relata verba,

id. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

dicere,

Tac. Or. 34.

jŭgum, i, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yuga from yug-, jungere; Gr. zugon; v. jungo], a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.

Lit.:

nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos juga imponimus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151:

leones jugo subdere, et ad currum jungere,

Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 55:

(bos) juga detractans,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

tauris solvere,

id. E. 4, 41:

frena jugo concordia ferre,

id. A. 3, 542; Ov. M. 12, 77:

jugum excutere,

Curt. 4, 15, 16.—

Transf.

A yoke, pair, team of draught-cattle:

ut minus multis jugis ararent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120; a pair of horses, Verg. A. 5, 147:

aquilarum,

a pair, Plin. 10, 4, 5, § 16.— Plur.:

nunc sociis juga pauca boum,

Juv. 8, 108; also for the chariot itself, Verg. A. 10, 594; Sil. 7, 683:

curtum temone jugum,

Juv. 10, 135.—

A juger of land:

in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur jugis: jugum vocant, quod juncti boves uno die exarare possint,

Varr. R. R. 1, 10 (but in Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9, the correct reading is jugerum; v. Sillig ad h. l.).—

A beam, lath, or rail fastened in a horizontal direction to perpendicular poles or posts, a cross-beam, cross-rail:

palmes in jugum insilit,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 175:

vineam sub jugum mittere,

Col. 4, 22.—

Esp. as the symbol of humiliation and defeat, a yoke, consisting of two upright spears, and a third laid transversely upon them, under which vanquished enemies were made to pass:

cum male pugnatum apud Caudium esset, legionibus nostris sub jugum missis,

Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

exercitum sub jugum mittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 7; Quint. 3, 8, 3; Liv. 1, 26, 13; 2, 34, 9 al.; also,

sub jugo mittere,

id. 3, 28 fin. —

The constellation Libra:

Romam, in jugo cum esset luna, natam esse dicebat,

Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—

The beam of a weaver's loom:

tela jugo vincta est,

Ov. M. 6, 55.—

A rower's bench, Verg. A. 6, 411.—

A height or summit of a mountain, a ridge; also, a chain of mountains:

in immensis qua tumet Ida jugis,

Ov. H. 5, 138:

montis,

Verg. E. 5, 76; Caes. B. C. 1, 70:

suspectum jugum Cumis,

Juv. 9, 57; 3, 191.—

Trop., yoke, bonds of slavery, matrimony, etc.: Pa. Jamne ea fert jugum? Ph. Tam a me pudicast quasi soror mea, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 50:

cujus a cervicibus jugum servile dejecerant,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6:

Venus Diductos jugo cogit aëneo,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 18:

accipere,

Just. 44, 5, 8:

exuere,

to shake off, Tac. Agr. 31:

excutere,

Plin. Pan. 11:

nondum subacta ferre jugum valet Cervice,

the yoke of marriage, Hor. C. 2, 5, 1. —Of misfortune:

ferre jugum pariter dolosi,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 28:

pari jugo niti,

to work with equal efforts, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9:

calamitates terroresque mortalium sub jugum mittere,

to subjugate, Sen. de Prov. 4 init.:

felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae, nec jactare jugum vita didicere magistra,

Juv. 13, 22.